Jesus Francisco (Kechu) changed a CV.
Jesus Francisco (Kechu) started following the work of Marisa Bueno Sánchez, Complutense University of Madrid, Departamento de Historia Medieval.
Papers
Iron Age Archaeology in Cantabria: Research, Deficiency, Knowledge (Arqueología de la Edad del Hierro en Cantabria: Investigación, Carencias, Conocimiento).
Published in the proceedings of “X Jornadas de ACANTO sobre Patrimonio Cultural y Natural de Cantabria, November 2010”. Published in 2011. Pags. 119-137.
Abstract: The History of Research on Cantabrian Iron Age is not very well known, even among researchers of this field. This work tackles research on this part of History, which brings a large amount of information. Comparison with research on other regions of the Central Cantabric area allows us to understand its evolution, scientific gaps and the degree of knowledge that exists nowadays.
Key Words: Research, Iron Age, Cantabria, Cantabric Area, scientific gaps, knowledge.
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Download (.pdf) A possible Tessera Hospitalis found in Asturias. Hospitality relationships between Ástures and others peoples in Iron Age.(Una posible tésera d´hospitalidá afayada n´Asturies. Les rellaciones d´agospiu na Edá del fierro ente los ástures y otros puelos célticos / Una posible tésera de hospitalidad aparecida en Asturias. Las relaciones de hospitalidad en la Edad del Hierro entre los astures y otros pueblos célticos).
Published in Journal "Asturies" Nº 31 (2011), Pages 34-42. Authored J. F. Torres Martínez.
Published in Asturian with translation to Spanish added by the author at the end of the PDF.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to introduce a lot which consists of two bronze objects, from Iron Age Asturias. One of them is identified as a possible tessera hospitalis, probably the first of its kind to be found. Hospitality is one of the most important cultural practices on Iron Age, although it is quite unknown. This work handles hospitality as part of solidarity and reciprocity relationships characteristic of Celtic peoples.
Key Words: Iron Age, Asturias, Tessera hospitalis, hospitality.
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The attack and destruction of Monte Bernorio oppidum and the establishment of a Roman castellum. (El ataque y destrucción del Oppidum de Monte Bernorio (Villarén, Palencia) y el establecimeinto del Castellum romano).
Published in Journal "Habis" Nº 42 (2011), Pages 127-149. Co-authored J. F. Torres Martínez, M. L. Serna and S. D. Dominguez.
Monte Bernorio Hillfort is a very well known oppidum and one of the most important Iron Age sites in the North of Spain. The siege of this oppidum was essential during Emperor Augustus' military campaign against Cantabrian and Asturian peoples, as shown by the latest archaeological researches in this site. In this paper we introduce new findings regarding the discovery, in the acropolis of the hillfort, of the agger of a Roman fort, built using some parts of the indigenous defences. The roman fort has experienced different occupation periods with no less than two different phases.
Key Words: Monte Bernorio, Octavius Augustus, Cantabrian Wars, castellum, Legio IIII.
Defensive Sistems in Monte Bernorio´s oppidum, Villarén de Valdavia, Palencia (Sistemas defensivos en el oppidum de Monte Bernorio, Villarén de Valdivia, Palencia).
Published in Journal "Nivel Cero" Nº 12 (2010), Pages 73-87. Co-authored J. F. Torres Martínez and M. L. Serna.
Abstract: Monte Bernorio’s oppidum is known as one of the most important Iron Age hillforts of the Cantabric Area, although its materials might have outshone the settlement itself. Only thanks to last year’s excavation campaigns (2004-2008) we can start to better understand the characteristics and evolution of its different defensive systems.
Key Words: Monte Bernorio hillfort, defensive sistems, walls, castellum, agger, vallum.
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The Archaeology of the Religion in the north of Spain Iron Age peoples: The cantabrian case (La religión en los pueblos del norte: el caso cántabro).
This is the Chapter Nº 10 of the "Castros y Castra en Cantabria. Fortificaciones desde los orígenes de la Edad del Hierro a las guerras con Roma. Catálogo, revisión y puesta al día". (Hillfort and Castra in Cantabria. Fortifications from the begin of the Iron Age to the wars against Rome. Catalogue, review and update). Edited in 2010 by ACANTO and the Consejería de Cultura de Cantabria.
Contents a review of the Iron Age´s Archaeology in this region with hundred of colour photographs, pictures and maps of the main Iron Age´s archaeological sites.
The book has been published in Spanish without resume, abstract or keyword in English (Pages 694-749).
Complete PDF Book in http://www.federacionacanto.org/publicaciones/libros/castros_y_castra_
This chapter is an extensive study about the Archaeology of the ritual sites and the religion of the Celtic peoples in north of Spain Iron Age.
Key Words: Archaeology, Iron Age, Cantabria, north of Spain, ritual and sacred places, religion, Archaeology of mountain territories.
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The ancient environment, the cultural landscape and the obtainment of resources in Cantabria´s Iron Age (El medioambiente antiguo, la construcción del territorio y la obtención de recursos en la Edad del Hierro en Cantabria).
This is the Chapter Nº 4 of the Book "Castros y Castra en Cantabria. Fortificaciones desde los orígenes de la Edad del Hierro a las guerras con Roma. Catálogo, revisión y puesta al día". (Hillfort and Castra in Cantabria. Fortifications from the begin of the Iron Age to the wars against Rome. Catalogue, review and update). Edited in 2010 by ACANTO and the Consejería de Cultura de Cantabria.
Contents a review of the Iron Age´s Archaeology in this region with hundred of colour photographs, pictures and maps of the main Iron Age´s archaeological sites.
The book has been published in Spanish without resume, abstract or keyword in English. (Pages 74-109).
Complete PDF Book in http://www.federacionacanto.org/publicaciones/libros/castros_y_castra_
This chapter is a extensive study about the paleo-environment, the economy and the construction of economical and cultural landscape in the Iron Age Communities of the north of Spain.
Key Words: Archaeology, Iron Age, Cantabria, north of Spain, environment, economy, economical landscape, cultural landscape, Archaeology of mountain territories.
Forestry, wood economy and fuel production in european Late Protohistory (Silvicultura, carboneo y desarrollo tecnológico en la Protohistoria Europea).
Published in Actas del “Congreso de Historia Forestal-III Reunión del Grupo de Trabajo de Historia Forestal de la SCEF” celebrado del 18 al 19 de Diciembre de 2008 en la Facultad de Humanidades de Toledo (UCLM). (2009) Pags. 71-77.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is link the practice of forestry and wood economy and the production of charcoal in the late European Prehistory. This new fuel is directly connected with the development of craftsmanship specially pottery and metallurgy. Iron metallurgy is directly connected (and necessarily) with charcoal.
Key Words: Late Prehistory, forestry, fuel, craftsmanship, metallurgy, technological development, sustainability.
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Monte Bernorio Hillfort (Palencia): 1st century B.C. / 1936-1937 AD. Archaeology of a battlefield (Monte Bernorio (Palencia): siglo I a.C. / 1936- 1937 d.C. Arqueología de un campo de batalla).
Published by Jesús F. Torres Martínez co-authored with S. D. Domínguez Solera in magazine Complutum Nº 19 de 2008. Págs. 103-117.
Abstract: Monte Bernorio is one of the most important Iron Age sites in the north of the Iberian Peninsula. Due to its strategic position, this oppidum played a relevant role in the war of conquest that Emperor Augustus carried out in the land of the Cantabrians and Asturians. Two thousand years later, this place was again of great strategic relevance during the Spanish Civil War: Monte Bernorio played a crucial role within the so-called “Northern Front”. Through the archaeological study of the Civil War remains, it is possible to understand the hardness of the combats that took place in this area, as well as the harsh conditions of life experienced by those soldiers who fought among the ruins of an Iron Age settlement.
Key words: Battlefield archaeology. Monte Bernorio hillfort. Iron Age. Spanish Civil War. War material. Fortifications.
Published in Spanish with abstract and Key words in English.
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Monte Bernorio hillfort in Context. The 2004 Archaeological Campaign Revised" (“Monte Bernorio en su entorno” Resumen de los trabajos arqueológicos efectuados en la Campaña de 2004).
Published by Jesus F. Torres-Martínez in the book Estudios varios de Arqueología Castreña. A propósito de las excavaciones en los castros de Teverga (Asturias) (Some Studies in Hillfort Archaeology: about the excavations in the hillforts of Treverga, Asturias). A. Fanjul Peraza Coordinador. Ayuntamiento de Treverga e Instituto de Estudios Prerromanos y de la Antigüedad. Santander. 77-101.
Abstract: This paper introduces a resume of the works in Monte Bernorio Hillfort during the 2004´s archaeological campaign. Monte Bernorio was a oppida and is one of the most important and famous Iron Age archaeological sites in Spain. An intensive prospection of the site and the digging of some transects was done with some important results. The foundation of the hillfort was situated in the late Bronze Age or beginning of the early Iron Age. Finally, the attack of the roman legionary troops during the Augustus´s ofensive in the “Cantabrian and Asturian Wars”, in the late I century B. C., destroy the hillfort. After this, a roman fort was building in the top of the destroy oppida.
Key words: Monte Bernorio hillfort, oppidum, archaeological works, Iron Age, hillfort fortifications, Celtic finds, Roman military finds.
Published in Spanish without abstract nor Key Words in English.
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Not gone with the wind. Interdisciplinarity, methodology and practice in the study of Celtic Spain (Lo que el viento no se llevó. Interdisciplinariedad, Metodología y Práctica para el Estudio de la Hispania Céltica).
This is a Chapter of the book “Pasado y presente de los estudios celtas” (past and Present in Celtic studies) with P. Balbín Chamorro & P. R. Moya Maleno, (2007). Fundación Ortegalia, Instituto de Estudios Celtas. Pags. 75-108.
The book has been published in Spanish without resume, abstract or keyword in English.
Abstract: This is a work about the "cultural continuity" phenomenon and the "longue durée" in late Prehistory and History. The use of Etnoarcheology and Etnohistory can be a good way to find information useful in archaeology and historical interpretation. In this work we analysed some examples of survival in very long cultural continuity phenomenon and it´s use like sources for the knowledge of the Iron Age societies.
Key Words: Longue durée, Etnoarcheology, Etnohistory, Iron Age, survival of very long Cultural Continuity, interpretation.
Days and Works: the annual calendar in Iberia´s celtic societies (De los días y los trabajos: el calendario anual en las sociedades célticas de la Península Ibérica).
This is a Chapter of the book “Pasado y presente de los estudios celtas” (past and Present in Celtic studies) (2007). Fundación Ortegalia, Instituto de Estudios Celtas. Pags. 305-347.
The book has been published in Spanish without resume, abstract or keyword in English.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to introduce the study of societies in the north of Spain in the Iron Age and their economic year in relationship with the celtic annual calendar. We use the Archaeology, Greek and Roman texts and Ethnoarchaeology and Ethnohistory for made a critical approaching to this matter. Through this methodology is possible to know the strong relationship between the climate and environmental conditions, farming economies and ideological and religious belief.
Key words: Celtic Calendar, Economy, Ethnoarchaeology and Ethnohistory, Late Iron Age societies, Archaeology, Greek and Roman texts.
Published in Spanish without abstract nor Key words in English.
Ethnoarchaeology in the North of the Iberian Peninsula and the Study of Protohistoric Societies (La Etnoarqueología en el norte de la Península Ibérica y el estudio de las sociedades protohistóricas).
Published by Jesús F. Torres Martínez co-authored with T. Sagardoy Fidalgo in the book “Etnoarqueología de la Prehistoria: más allá de la analogía” (2006). Congreso Internacional de Etnoarqueología. Barcelona, CSIC. Pags. 95-108.
Abstract: In this paper we introduce the methodology used in the ethnoarchaeological fieldwork applicated to the studies of Northern Spain Iron Age. The main point of this work is the relationship between the economy and the environment explotation. Through the archaeological evidences, normally objects with an economical meaning, we try making a reconstruction of the economical and technological relationships between these societies and their environment. In this process is essential the use of the ethnoarchaeological fieldwork made in the last years in Northern Spain. With these informations, the development of new hypothesis about the social and ideological structures is possible.
Key words: Ethnoarchaeology, Late Prehistory and Iron Age societies, Economy and Technology, Pastorialism, Husbandry, Ethnoarchaeological fieldwork.
Published in Spanish with abstract in English.
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Ethnohistory applied to the Study of Late Iron Age Societies in the North of the Iberian Peninsula (La Etnohistoria aplicada al estudio de las sociedades de la Edad del Hierro Final del norte de la Península Ibérica).
Published in the book “Etnoarqueología de la Prehistoria: más allá de la analogía” (2006). Congreso Internacional de Etnoarqueología. Barcelona, CSIC. Pags. 285-295.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to introduce the Ethnohistory in the studies of Iron Age societies as the most powerful method to obtain information through a new reading of Greek and Roman texts. So the most salient works with classical sources in the History of Archaeology of Iron Age in Spain are reviewed. But the development of the praxis of the Archaeology, and other methodologies like Ethnoarchaeology, in Spain in the last decades of the 20th century allows a reinterpretation of the classical texts on Spanish Iron Age societies. A new view about the concept of sources is proposed because, in this way, we can ask it new and different questions and these sources can provide us new and different answers. In this way, it is essential the collaboration between Philologists and Archaeologists.
Key words: Ethnohistory, Late Iron Age societies, Archaeology, Greek and Roman texts, Questions and Answers, Philologists and Archaeologists.
Published in Spanish with abstract in English.
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Environment, Natural Resources and Territory in Cantabria´s Iron Age. (Medioambiente, recursos naturales y territorio en la Edad del Hierro Cántabra).
Published in Magazine Complutum Nº 14 de 2004. Págs. 169-196.
Abstract: This paper introduces the conclusions of a research work carried out by the author in the Northern Spanish Meseta, in the inner side of the Cordillera Cantábrica, in the territory around Monte Bernorio hillfort. This work gives a new vision of the economical activities and the life conditions of the Cantabros in the end of the Later Age. This research use the Greco-Latin sources, the publications among the archaeological investigations in the area and ethnographical information contrasted with the author’s Etnoarchaeological fieldwork on the area during four years. The aim of this work is the construction of an Economical Model. This one’s tries to explain the relationship between the Cantabros and their environment through the practical of gathering and pastoralism with mining in the periglaciar areas of the mountains and low intensity agriculture. Through this work hypothesis the settlement patterns, the conception of territory and the use of war as a complex practice of relationship with another ethnic groups are explained.
Key Words: Economy, Environment, Climatic conditions, Gathering, Hunting and fishing, Pastoralism, Mining, Agriculture, War, Hillforts, Monte Beronio, Territory, Mobility.
Published in Spanish with abstract and Key words in English.
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Latest Contributions to Studies on the Celtiberian World (“Últimas novedades en los estudios sobre el mundo celtibérico”).
Published in Actas 3º Congreso de Arqueología Peninsular. Lisbon 1999. (Cerdeño, Sagardoy y Torres 2000). ISBN. 972-97613-7-X. Published in Spanish without abstract in English.
The aim of this paper is make an updating of the latest news (1999) in the Archaeology of the Celtiberian culture.
