Calisto, his Falcon, and the Ape: the Iconography of the Sanguine in Celestina? morePublished in Proceedings of the Twelfth Colloquium, ed. Alan Deyermond & Jane Whetnall, Papers of the Medieval Hispanic Research Seminar, 35 (London: Dept of Hispanic Studies, Queen Mary, University of London, 2003), pp. 89-100.
Although the falcon and the ape, present in both the Comedia and Tragicomedia versions of Celestina, do not appear in close proximity to one another, they share a similar sexual symbolism and are both associated with Calisto. That symbolism is particularly appropriate for a sanguine, since this humoral type was thought to be moist and hot, characteristics which resulted in men who 'desire much and are capable of much' (Jacquart & Thomasset 1988: 143). Humoral iconography often represented the sanguine personality as a man accompanied by an ape and a hunting bird.
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