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... More author information. Theresa A. Borrowman, MD; Celine M. Vachon, PhD; Megha M. Tollefson, MD; Clark C. Otley, MD; Amy L. Weaver, MS; Randall K. Roenigk, MD. ... Sunscreen use and the risk for melanoma: a quantitative review. Ann... more
... More author information. Theresa A. Borrowman, MD; Celine M. Vachon, PhD; Megha M. Tollefson, MD; Clark C. Otley, MD; Amy L. Weaver, MS; Randall K. Roenigk, MD. ... Sunscreen use and the risk for melanoma: a quantitative review. Ann Intern Med. ...
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Research Interests: Psychology, Demography, Incidence Geometry, Breast Cancer, Medicine, and 15 moreMiddle East, California, Population, Humans, Female, Male, Census, Breast, Ethnic Groups, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Ethnic Group, European Continental Ancestry Group, Breast Neoplasms, Neoplasm staging, and Carcinoma in situ
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In studies of whether hospital or health-center interventions can improve screening rates for mammography and Pap smears in Los Angeles County, the availability of data from multiple sources makes it possible to combine information in an... more
In studies of whether hospital or health-center interventions can improve screening rates for mammography and Pap smears in Los Angeles County, the availability of data from multiple sources makes it possible to combine information in an effort to improve the estimation of intervention effects. Primary sources of information, namely computerized databases that record screening outcomes and some covariates on a routine basis, are supplemented by medical chart reviews that provide additional, sometimes conflicting, assessments of screening outcomes along with additional covariates. Available data can be classified in a large contingency table where, because medical charts were not reviewed for all individuals, some cases can only be classified into a certain margin as opposed to a specific cell. This paper outlines a multiple imputation approach to facilitate data analysis using the framework of Schafer (1991, 1995), which involves drawing imputations from a multinomial distribution with cell probabilities estimated from a loglinear model fitted to the incomplete contingency table. Because of the sparseness of the contingency table, a cavalier choice of a convenient prior distribution can be problematic. The completed data are then analyzed using the method of propensity score sub classification (Rosenbaum and Rubin 1984) to reflect differences in the patient populations at different hospitals or health centers.
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In this study, the total of 6,700 casualties by car accidents in the city of Tehran, during one year period (1973) was examined. Among these casualties 4,159 persons were referred to the Sina Hospital, of who 3,276 were males, 852 were... more
In this study, the total of 6,700 casualties by car accidents in the city of Tehran, during one year period (1973) was examined. Among these casualties 4,159 persons were referred to the Sina Hospital, of who 3,276 were males, 852 were females and the remaining persons were unknown. In terms of seriousness of the accident of these individuals involved, 24.0 per cent were treated at the out-patient department and the remaining 76.0 per cent have been hospitalized. The study shows no significant variation for the daily referral of accident cases to the hospital. The data also reveals that during the year under study, the total of 560 persons were killed due to the accidents, of which 123 were females and the remaining 437 were males. According to the existing death registration the most important causes of death are: brain hemorrhage and skull fracture. Language: en
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In this study, the total of 6,700 casualties by car accidents in the city of Tehran, during one year period (1973) was examined. Among these casualties 4,159 persons were referred to the Sina Hospital, of who 3,276 were males, 852 were... more
In this study, the total of 6,700 casualties by car accidents in the city of Tehran, during one year period (1973) was examined. Among these casualties 4,159 persons were referred to the Sina Hospital, of who 3,276 were males, 852 were females and the remaining persons were unknown. In terms of seriousness of the accident of these individuals involved, 24.0 per cent were treated at the out-patient department and the remaining 76.0 per cent have been hospitalized. The study shows no significant variation for the daily referral of accident cases to the hospital. The data also reveals that during the year under study, the total of 560 persons were killed due to the accidents, of which 123 were females and the remaining 437 were males. According to the existing death registration the most important causes of death are: brain hemorrhage and skull fracture. Language: en
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A total of 907 cases of leprosy from two sources, records from Baba-Baghi Leprosarium (709 cases) and Ahar case finding survey (198 cases), have been studied. The main characteristics of the cases are: a) about 50% of all cases are... more
A total of 907 cases of leprosy from two sources, records from Baba-Baghi Leprosarium (709 cases) and Ahar case finding survey (198 cases), have been studied. The main characteristics of the cases are: a) about 50% of all cases are lepromatous leprosy; b) the leprosarium cases are about 2.5 years younger; c) about 70% of all cases are male; and d) the incidence of leprosy shows a steady increase up to 25-30 years of age and levels off thereafter. These and other findings are discussed.
Research Interests: Microbiology, Epidemiology, Incidence Geometry, Dermatology, Medicine, and 9 moreIran, Humans, Leprosy, Female, Pubmed, Male, Clinical Sciences, Adult, and Age Factors
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In this study esophageal resection and radiotherapy methods were compared in relation to the patients suffering from esophageal cancer. Three hundred and fifty-four Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus who had been... more
In this study esophageal resection and radiotherapy methods were compared in relation to the patients suffering from esophageal cancer. Three hundred and fifty-four Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus who had been hospitalized in the cancer institute of the Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, during 1981-1985 were followed up through March 21st, 1987. Based on the findings, patients who had undergone esophageal resection showed higher overall survival rates. Nevertheless, considering fixed levels of some independent variables (age, grade of dysphasia and site of the tumor), the above generality is not considered valid.
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In their study, Dr Li and colleagues1 found an excess incidence of prostate cancer, thyroid cancer, and multiple myeloma in the rescue/recovery workers who responded to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack on the World Trade Center.... more
In their study, Dr Li and colleagues1 found an excess incidence of prostate cancer, thyroid cancer, and multiple myeloma in the rescue/recovery workers who responded to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack on the World Trade Center. However, they cautioned against drawing firm conclusions from this report based on the shortness of the follow-up period, small numbers, and multiple comparisons.
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Research Interests: Program Evaluation, Health Promotion, Poverty, Family Medicine, Public Health, and 15 moreMedicine, Applied Economics, Los Angeles, Humans, Minority Groups, Female, Cervical Cancer, Medical Care, Aged, Middle Aged, Longitudinal Studies, Adult, Case Control Studies, mass Screening, and Papanicolaou test
JOURNAL OF WOMEN'S HEALTH Volume 4, Number 2, 1995 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. ... Individual and System Factors Affecting Follow-up ... CELIA PATRICIA KAPLAN, Dr.PH, MA,1 ROSHAN BASTANI, Ph.D.,2 ALFRED MARCUS, Ph.D.,3 LESTER BRESLOW, MD,... more
JOURNAL OF WOMEN'S HEALTH Volume 4, Number 2, 1995 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. ... Individual and System Factors Affecting Follow-up ... CELIA PATRICIA KAPLAN, Dr.PH, MA,1 ROSHAN BASTANI, Ph.D.,2 ALFRED MARCUS, Ph.D.,3 LESTER BRESLOW, MD, MPH,1 ...
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To examine age-specific rates of breast cancer incidence among racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Subjects were 363,801 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer diagnosed during 1994--1998 and reported in the North American... more
To examine age-specific rates of breast cancer incidence among racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Subjects were 363,801 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer diagnosed during 1994--1998 and reported in the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) data set. Variables analyzed included race, ethnicity, 5-year age group (from 10 years through 85+years), and stage at time of diagnosis (localized, regional, distant). Incidence rates per 100,000 women were calculated for each 5--year age group and stratified by stage. Rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by comparing each racial group with whites and Hispanics with non-Hispanics. Black women experience significantly higher breast cancer incidence up to the age of 40 years and significantly lower incidence after age 50 compared with white women of the same ages. This is called the 'crossover' effect. This shifting burden of higher incidence occurs at ages 35--39 for localized stage and at ages 55--59 for regional stage. For distant stage, black women of all ages experience higher incidence compared with white women. Similar crossover effects do not exist for American Indian (AI) or Asian/Pacific Islander (API) women compared with white women. Both AI and API women have significantly lower incidence of breast cancer compared with white women, and Hispanic women have significantly lower incidence compared with non-Hispanic women. This study highlights racial and ethnic differences in breast cancer incidence rates among US women. The crossover effect between black and white women, particularly the lower incidence of localized stage disease diagnosed in older black women, is a significant phenomenon that may be associated with screening practices, and has implications for public health planning and cancer control initiatives to reduce racial/ethnic disparities.
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This chapter provides a description of cancer in the Arab American community. It first presents estimates of the cancer incidence and mortality in the Arab world and identifies the top five cancers in Arab men as lung, bladder, prostate,... more
This chapter provides a description of cancer in the Arab American community. It first presents estimates of the cancer incidence and mortality in the Arab world and identifies the top five cancers in Arab men as lung, bladder, prostate, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and liver and in Arab women as breast, colorectal, cervix, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and ovary. In contrast, the top five cancers in US men and women are, respectively, prostate, lung, colorectal, bladder and skin melanoma, and breast, lung, colorectal, uterus, and thyroid. Cancer incidence in Arab Americans has been estimated because unlike Hispanics and Asians, Arab ethnicity is not specifically identified in the US Census and other data sources, nor is nativity status routinely available. Based on these estimates, the incidence of liver and stomach cancers in Arab Americans are higher and lung cancer is lower than that of Non-Hispanic Whites in the United States. However, without knowledge of nativity status, the US estimates cannot determine what differences are due to migration to a new environment and which are genetic. Finally, the available information on cancer control and prevention among Arab Americans is summarized. In general, smoking patterns are unclear, obesity seems to be prevalent, especially among women, and cancer screening services are not fully utilized. Additional study is critically needed to improve our understanding of the cancer burden among Arab Americans.
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International statistics suggest lower cancer incidence in the Middle East and Middle Eastern (ME) immigrants in Europe, Australia, and Canada, but little is known from the United States. This study compares cancer rates in ME population... more
International statistics suggest lower cancer incidence in the Middle East and Middle Eastern (ME) immigrants in Europe, Australia, and Canada, but little is known from the United States. This study compares cancer rates in ME population with other race/ethnic groups in California from 1988 through 2004. ME cases in California cancer registry were identified by surname and ME population was estimated from U.S. Census data. Cancer rates for ME countries was obtained from Globocan. The ME incidence rate ratios for all sites combined in male and female were 0.77 and 0.82, respectively and were statistically significant. ME rates were significantly lower for cancers of the colon, lung, skin melanoma, female breast and prostate, and were significantly higher for cancers of the stomach, liver, thyroid, leukemia, and male breast. Cancer incidence in ME population in California was 2.4 times higher than rates in home countries. Incidence trends in ME males remained fairly stable but in females shows a slight decline in recent years. Cancer incidence in ME population is lower than non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Black, but is higher than rates for Hispanics and Asians, and ME countries. Improved data quality, chronic infections, acculturation, and access to screening services are some of the factors responsible for the observed pattern.
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To further investigate mortality among farm workers, a proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) analysis was conducted among the membership of the United Farm Workers of America (UFW), a farm worker labor union, for the years 1973-2000 in the... more
To further investigate mortality among farm workers, a proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) analysis was conducted among the membership of the United Farm Workers of America (UFW), a farm worker labor union, for the years 1973-2000 in the state of California. This report compares proportionate mortality for 118 causes of death in the UFW and the general United States population, adjusting for age, sex, race and calendar year of death. In addition, an exploratory analysis was conducted comparing deaths in the UFW to deaths in the California Hispanic population. A roster of members of the UFW was compared to the death certificate master files of the state of California for the years 1973 to 2000. Matches were detected using automated techniques and visual review. PMR and associated confidence intervals were calculated using the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Life Table Analysis System using deaths in the U.S. as the standard. A similar analysis was conducted limiting attention to the time period 1988-2000 and using deaths in the California Hispanic population as the standard. There were a total of 139,662 members of the union included in the linkage that yielded 3,977 deaths in the time period 1973-2000. Proportionate mortality in the farm workers was significantly elevated for respiratory tuberculosis, malignant neoplasms of the stomach, biliary passages, liver and gallbladder, and uterine cervix, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease, cirrhosis of the liver, and "other diseases of the digestive system." Transportation injuries including motor vehicles deaths, deaths from machine injuries, unintentional poisonings and assault and homicide were significantly elevated as well. Farm workers were at significantly lower risk of death from HIV-related disease, malignant neoplasms of the esophagus, intestine, pancreas, lung, urinary bladder, melanoma, and brain, all cancer deaths, "other diseases of the nervous system," ischemic heart disease, conductive disorder, "other diseases of the heart," emphysema, "other respiratory diseases," and symptoms and ill-defined conditions. These results were similar when using California Hispanic deaths as the standard for the years 1988-2000. There was still excess proportionate mortality from tuberculosis, cerebrovascular disease and unintentional injuries among the UFW members and lowered mortality from HIV related deaths, all cancer deaths combined and diseases of the heart. These results include some unique findings in regard to both excess and deficits of mortality that may be explained by the Hispanic ethnicity and recent immigration of the cohort.
Research Interests: Demography, Agriculture, California, Humans, Diabetes mellitus, and 15 moreAccidents, Cerebrovascular Disease, Female, Infection, Conduct Disorder, Digestive System, Ischemic Heart Disease, Labor Union, Life Table, Exploratory Analysis, Agromedicine, Confidence Interval, Heart Diseases, Cause of death, and Calendar year
Research Interests: Transportation, Medicine, Humans, Female, Psychological Intervention, and 14 morePatient Compliance, Incentive, Intervention Studies, Middle Aged, Adult, Randomized Controlled Trial, Intervention study, Guidance and Counseling Intervention Programs, Pap smear, Community health services, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, mass Screening, Papanicolaou test, and Vaginal smears
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Statistical modeling suggests a causal association between the rapid increase in the incidence of female breast cancer (FBC) in the United States and the widespread use of screening mammography. Additional support for this suggestion is a... more
Statistical modeling suggests a causal association between the rapid increase in the incidence of female breast cancer (FBC) in the United States and the widespread use of screening mammography. Additional support for this suggestion is a shift in the stage at diagnosis that consists of an increase in early stage diagnosis followed by a decrease in late-stage diagnosis. This has not been reported in the United States. The objective of this study was to examine the secular trends in the incidence of FBC in search of empirical support for this shift. FBC cases in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 1973 through 1998 were dichotomized into early and late detection based. Early detection included all the in situ and invasive cases with local spread. Late detection included cases with regional spread and distant metastasis. Joinpoint segmented regression modeling was used for trend analysis. Early detection in white and black women followed a similar pattern of significant increase in the early 1980s that continued through 1998 with slight modification in 1987. The expected shift in stage was noticed only for white women when the incidence of late detection in them began to decline in 1987. The incidence of late detection in black women has remained stable. These results provide further support for the previously implied causal association between the use of screening mammography and the increased incidence of FBC in the United States. It also shows that the expected stage shift appeared in white women 50-69 years of age after an estimated detection lead time (DLT) of about 5 years. This is the first estimate of DLT in the United States that is based on actual data. The subsequent increase in late detection in white women since 1993 may be due to changes in case management and the increased use of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) rather than changes in the etiology or biology of FBC.
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Research Interests: Immunology, Clinical Trial, Leishmania, Medicine, Prevention, and 13 moreBiological Sciences, Leishmaniasis, Humans, Animals, Vaccine, Vaccination, Metaanalysis, Randomised Controlled Trial, Meta Analysis, Efficiency, Randomized Controlled Trial, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, and Medical and Health Sciences
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A total of 38, 300 traffic collisions have occurred in Tehran, the capital of Iran, during 1973. 5, 655 of these collisions in 6, 700 injuries and 560 deaths are selected and discussed. There has been no difference between the accident... more
A total of 38, 300 traffic collisions have occurred in Tehran, the capital of Iran, during 1973. 5, 655 of these collisions in 6, 700 injuries and 560 deaths are selected and discussed. There has been no difference between the accident rates in working and holidays. Winter has had the lowest rate, and accidents have been in direct relationship with the crowdedness and heavy traffic periods. Ninety-eight per cent of the accidents have been caused by either the drivers or the pedestrians' negligence. These and other findings are discussed. Language: en
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Research Interests: Information Systems, Health Informatics, Japan, Adolescent, Medicine, and 15 moreHumans, Female, Cancer Screening, Health information, Medical systems, Mammography, Hospital Information Systems, Middle Aged, Health Information System, Adult, Computer communication networks, Age Factors, Information System, Breast Neoplasms, and mass Screening
Cervical cancer mortality rates have declined in the United States, primarily because of Papanicolaou testing. However, limited information is available about the incidence of the disease in the US-Mexico border region, where some of the... more
Cervical cancer mortality rates have declined in the United States, primarily because of Papanicolaou testing. However, limited information is available about the incidence of the disease in the US-Mexico border region, where some of the poorest counties in the United States are located. This study was undertaken to help compare the patterns of cervical cancer incidence among women in the US-Mexico border region and other parts of the United States. Age-adjusted cervical cancer incidence rates for border counties in the states bordering Mexico (California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas) for the years 1998 to 2003 were compared with the rates for nonborder counties of the border states and with those of nonborder states. Differences were examined by age, race, ethnicity, rural residence, educational attainment, poverty, migration, stage of disease, and histology. Overall, Hispanic women had almost twice the cervical cancer incidence of non-Hispanic women in border counties, and Hispanic women in the border states had higher rates than did non-Hispanic women in nonborder states. In contrast, cervical cancer incidence rates among black women in the border counties were lower than those among black women in the nonborder states. Among white women, however, incidence rates were higher among those in nonborder states. Differences in cervical cancer incidence rates by geographic locality were also evident by age, urban/rural residence, migration from outside the United States, and stage of disease. Disparities in cervical cancer incidence in the US-Mexico border counties, when the incidence is compared with that of other counties and geographic regions, are evident. Of particular concern are the higher rates of late-stage cervical cancer diagnosed among women in the border states, especially because such cervical cancer is preventable.
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A comparison of various health statistics among Sweden, The United States of America, and United Kingdom reveals that the U.S. is in an inferior situation. This is traced to those acute and communicable diseases which could very easily be... more
A comparison of various health statistics among Sweden, The United States of America, and United Kingdom reveals that the U.S. is in an inferior situation. This is traced to those acute and communicable diseases which could very easily be prevented. However medical care services require money and this money due to the nature of health care system in the U.S. has to come from the patients. While the whites can afford the astronomical medical bills, the non-whites can not and this is very vividly reflected in the statistics. On the other hand, the impact of poverty on statistic could have been much smaller if the medical care would have been included, at least partially, within the governmental responsibilities like Sweden and United Kingdom.
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In an attempt to convert mass vaccination practices to the Extended Programme on Immunization, a sero-evaluation study was carried out in rural Iran in 1976. A total of 22 246 rural children of 2-12 years of age were sampled. Blood... more
In an attempt to convert mass vaccination practices to the Extended Programme on Immunization, a sero-evaluation study was carried out in rural Iran in 1976. A total of 22 246 rural children of 2-12 years of age were sampled. Blood samples taken on filter paper were tested by indirect hemagglutination technique to determine the level of circulating antibodies against tetanus toxoid. Tetanus was selected as an index not only because natural antibody against it is practically non existent, but also because protective levels of this antibody can reveal vaccination status of the individuals. Results show that except for few districts where complete protection reaches over 70%, the immunization status is not commendable. Moreover, no specific pattern for immunization could be detected. These and other results are discussed.
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1535 Background: Compared to general population, cancer patients are at higher risk of suicide, which is clustered in White men diagnosed with cancers with poor prognosis. The objective of this study was to calculate suicide age-adjusted... more
1535 Background: Compared to general population, cancer patients are at higher risk of suicide, which is clustered in White men diagnosed with cancers with poor prognosis. The objective of this study was to calculate suicide age-adjusted rates in cancer patients by detailed race/ethnicity and compare it with similar rates in general population. METHODS 929,369 cases registered with the California Cancer Registry for the years 2000-2005 and 716 suicides in them were used to calculate the sex, and race/ethnicity specific age-adjusted rates. Suicide rates in general population was calculated from the California Death Certificate Master files for the same period and same race/ethnicity. Relative risks (RR) for stage at diagnosis, marital and socioeconomic status were also calculated. RESULTS Although 0.2 percent of all death among cancer patients was suicide, its RR in the non-Hispanic White men and women, and Hispanic men were 5.87, 4.99, and 8.05, respectively. Close to 50 percent of all suicides were completed in the first six months post diagnosis, and age specific rates in young patients was raised to form a "blip". Men with cancers of the Esophagus, Stomach, Pancreas, Lung and Bronchus, Melanoma of the Skin, Prostate, Urinary Bladder, Kidney and Renal Pelvis, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, and those labeled as Miscellaneous had significantly higher RR. In women, the high RR was noticed only for patients with the breast and ovarian cancers. No significant association was found with the stage of diagnosis, marital, and socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS Considering the multifactorial nature of suicide and the lack of association with severity of the disease, and some of the patients' demographics, it is concluded that diagnosis of cancer acts as "precipitating" factor for suicide in patients who are already "suicidal". Oncologists who diagnose and manage cancer cases need to include psychological evaluation in their routine to prevent it from happening.
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Not beginning or completing the vaccination schedule as recommended in the Expanded Programme on Immunization is one of the major reasons for low immunization coverage. It should be studied in detail for remedial action, if the objectives... more
Not beginning or completing the vaccination schedule as recommended in the Expanded Programme on Immunization is one of the major reasons for low immunization coverage. It should be studied in detail for remedial action, if the objectives of the EPI in Iran are to be achieved as stated. Generally, lack of knowledge, lack of motivation and obstacles ore the basic categorical reasons for low coverage. Studies done shows however, that lack of motivation does not seem to play an important role in Iran. Whereas, unawareness of the need for immunization and previous attack of target diseases, mainly measles, is the major components of lack of knowledge. Among obstacles, illness of the child, including afflictions to low fever, uncomplicated diarrhea, and so on, are the most frequently stated reasons for postponement of immunization. Presently, both cases are handled improperly. Diagnosis of measles is not an easy task and there are no contradictions for injecting such a child with live, a...
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Between 15 October and 23 December 1975, a total of 22 cases of infectious hepatitis were reported from an upper class private school in the suburbs of Tehran. Careful examination revealed that one of the early cases had transmitted the... more
Between 15 October and 23 December 1975, a total of 22 cases of infectious hepatitis were reported from an upper class private school in the suburbs of Tehran. Careful examination revealed that one of the early cases had transmitted the disease to other children in the school during the last days of the incubation period.
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Background There are an estimated 460,000 Armenians in the United States, and more than half live in California. Armenian-Americans are generally represented within the ‘White’ or ‘Some Other Race’ race categories in population-based... more
Background There are an estimated 460,000 Armenians in the United States, and more than half live in California. Armenian-Americans are generally represented within the ‘White’ or ‘Some Other Race’ race categories in population-based research studies. While Armenians have been included in studies focused on Middle-Eastern populations, there are no studies focused exclusively on Armenians due to a lack of standardized collection of Armenian ethnicity in the United States or an Armenian surname list. To fill this research gap, we sought to construct and evaluate an Armenian Surname List (ASL) for use as an identification tool in public health and epidemiological research studies focused on Armenian populations. Methods Data sources for the ASL included the California Public Use Death Files (CPUDF) and the Middle Eastern Surname List (MESL). For evaluation of the ASL, the California Cancer Registry (CCR) database was queried for surnames with birthplace in Armenia and identified by the...
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In this study, the total of 6,700 casualties by car accidents in the city of Tehran, during one year period (1973) was examined. Among these casualties 4,159 persons were referred to the Sina Hospital, of who 3,276 were males, 852 were... more
In this study, the total of 6,700 casualties by car accidents in the city of Tehran, during one year period (1973) was examined. Among these casualties 4,159 persons were referred to the Sina Hospital, of who 3,276 were males, 852 were females and the remaining persons were unknown. In terms of seriousness of the accident of these individuals involved, 24.0 per cent were treated at the out-patient department and the remaining 76.0 per cent have been hospitalized. The study shows no significant variation for the daily referral of accident cases to the hospital. The data also reveals that during the year under study, the total of 560 persons were killed due to the accidents, of which 123 were females and the remaining 437 were males. According to the existing death registration the most important causes of death are: brain hemorrhage and skull fracture. Language: en
Research Interests: Epidemiology and Medicine
International statistics suggest lower cancer incidence in the Middle East and Middle Eastern (ME) immigrants in Europe, Australia, and Canada, but little is known from the United States. This study compares cancer rates in ME population... more
International statistics suggest lower cancer incidence in the Middle East and Middle Eastern (ME) immigrants in Europe, Australia, and Canada, but little is known from the United States. This study compares cancer rates in ME population with other race/ethnic groups in California from 1988 through 2004. ME cases in California cancer registry were identified by surname and ME population was estimated from U.S. Census data. Cancer rates for ME countries was obtained from Globocan. The ME incidence rate ratios for all sites combined in male and female were 0.77 and 0.82, respectively and were statistically significant. ME rates were significantly lower for cancers of the colon, lung, skin melanoma, female breast and prostate, and were significantly higher for cancers of the stomach, liver, thyroid, leukemia, and male breast. Cancer incidence in ME population in California was 2.4 times higher than rates in home countries. Incidence trends in ME males remained fairly stable but in fema...
Research Interests:
International statistics suggest lower cancer incidence in the Middle East and Middle Eastern (ME) immigrants in Europe, Australia, and Canada, but little is known from the United States. This study compares cancer rates in ME population... more
International statistics suggest lower cancer incidence in the Middle East and Middle Eastern (ME) immigrants in Europe, Australia, and Canada, but little is known from the United States. This study compares cancer rates in ME population with other race/ethnic groups in California from 1988 through 2004. ME cases in California cancer registry were identified by surname and ME population was estimated from U.S. Census data. Cancer rates for ME countries was obtained from Globocan. The ME incidence rate ratios for all sites combined in male and female were 0.77 and 0.82, respectively and were statistically significant. ME rates were significantly lower for cancers of the colon, lung, skin melanoma, female breast and prostate, and were significantly higher for cancers of the stomach, liver, thyroid, leukemia, and male breast. Cancer incidence in ME population in California was 2.4 times higher than rates in home countries. Incidence trends in ME males remained fairly stable but in fema...
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In an effort towards complying with the WHO,s global policy of achieving Health For All by the year 2000 and also with the pledge made by the Government of Iran to that effect, a national headquarters has been set up to speed the... more
In an effort towards complying with the WHO,s global policy of achieving Health For All by the year 2000 and also with the pledge made by the Government of Iran to that effect, a national headquarters has been set up to speed the implementation of the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) in the country. This paper aims to report the results of evaluations made at various times since the beginning of the implementation of EPI in 1983.
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A total of 38, 300 traffic collisions have occurred in Tehran, the capital of Iran, during 1973. 5, 655 of these collisions in 6, 700 injuries and 560 deaths are selected and discussed. There has been no difference between the accident... more
A total of 38, 300 traffic collisions have occurred in Tehran, the capital of Iran, during 1973. 5, 655 of these collisions in 6, 700 injuries and 560 deaths are selected and discussed. There has been no difference between the accident rates in working and holidays. Winter has had the lowest rate, and accidents have been in direct relationship with the crowdedness and heavy traffic periods. Ninety-eight per cent of the accidents have been caused by either the drivers or the pedestrians' negligence. These and other findings are discussed. Language: en