Parames Laosinchai

FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic tree containing Macrobrachium prachuapense sp. nov. reconstructed from mitochondrial COI and nuclear 18S genes using partitioned Bayesian inference with Cryphiops caementarius and Coralliocaris superba constituting an outgroup. Each leaf taxon is indicated by its scientific name and COI accession number (Table 2). The letters and numbers at the nodes represent the clade names and posterior probabilities supporting the corresponding clades respectively. Branch lengths represent the estimated numbers of nucleotide substitutions per site.

<i>Macrobrachium saengphani</i>, sp. nov. (Figs. 2–7) <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype: male (CL 6.5 mm), 16 January 2017, Lao River, Tha Sai subdistrict, Mueang district, Chiang Rai Province (19°52.098′ N, 99°51.478′ E). Paratypes: 4 males (CL 5.8–6.5 mm), same location and date as holotype. Others: 3 males (6.2–6.5 mm) and 4 females (6.8–9.4 mm), 15 January 2017, Ing River, Si Don Chai subdistrict, Chiang Khong district, Chiang Rai Province (20°12.193′ N, 100°26.843′ E); 3 males (6.0– 6.6 mm) and 6 females (9.0– 11.5 mm), 15 January 2017, Kok River, Ban Saeo subdistrict, Chiang Saen district, Chiang Rai Province (20°12.854′ N, 100°05.282′ E). <b>Largest male</b>: total length 31.0 mm, carapace length 6.6 mm, smaller than fully grown female (fig. 2). <b>Largest ovigerous female</b>: total length 49.0 mm, carapace length 11.5 mm. <b>Description.</b> (Fig. 3A) Rostrum: straight, slender, upturned distally, extending beyond or slightly shorter than end of scaphocerite, length subequal to carapace; upper part having 6–8 teeth, 1–2 (usually 2) teeth behind postorbital margin; lower part having 4–5 (usually 4) teeth; distance between first anterior tooth and second one being longer than varying distances between succeeding teeth. Antennal spine: well developed with pointed end and situated below orbital angle (suborbital angle); hepatic spine of size similar to that of antennal spine and located slightly behind and lower than antennal spine; paired hepatic spines on carapace situated between upper first and second rostral teeth. Carapace: smooth; thoracic sternite of fourth segment with small median process; sixth abdominal somite 1.27–1.55 times as long as fifth; upper telson (fig. 3B) smooth and 1.47–1.61 times the length of sixth segment with 2 dorsal paired spines; tail tapering with pointed end (median spine) and bulging slightly at mid-section, each side flanked by 2 spines, outer lateral spine and inner intermediate spine; several pairs of plumose setae found between 2 flanking spines; lateral spines similar [...]

FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic tree of Macrobrachium reconstructed from mitochondrial COI and nuclear 18S genes using partitioned Bayesian inference with Cryphiops caementarius and Coralliocaris superba constituting an outgroup. The numbers at the nodes represent the posterior probabilities supporting the corresponding clades. Branch lengths and (horizontal) heights of isosceles triangles represent the estimated numbers of nucleotide substitutions per site.

FIGURE 3. Macrobrachium chainatense sp. nov. (male). (A) Entire animal, lateral view; (B) telson and uropod; (C) carapace, top view; (D) scaphocerite; (E) epistome; (F) mandible; (G) maxillula; (H) maxilla; (I) first maxilliped; (J) second maxilliped; (K) third maxilliped; (L) first pereiopod; (M) second pereiopod; (N) third pereiopod; (O) uropodal diaeresis spine. Scales: (A) 5 mm; (B–N) 1 mm, (O) 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 1. Map of Thailand showing the region for collecting Macrobrachium chainatense sp. nov. Adapted from Map of Bangkok and the 76 provinces of Thailand originated by NordNordWest, modified by Paul_012, available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thailand_provinces_en.svg (2 August 2017).

FIGURE 2. Macrobrachium suphanense sp. nov. (male). (A) Entire animal, lateral view; (B) scaphocerite; (C) mandible; (D) maxilla; (E) first maxilliped; (F) second maxilliped; (G) third maxilliped; (H) maxillula. Scales: (A) 5 mm; (B–H) 1 mm.

Many species of fish in the world are infected with digenean trematodes belonging to the genera Clinostomum and Euclinostomum. In this study, metacercariae, identified as Euclinostomum sp. on the basis of morphological characteristics and molecular data, were taken from 3 osphronemid fish- Trichopsis vittata , Trichopsis schalleri, and Betta imbellis, in Thailand. Phylogenetic analysis based on a mitochondrial gene (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and 2 nuclear genes (18S rDNA and ITS-internal transcribed spacer) of these Euclinostomum parasites indicated a clear distinction from those belonging to the Clinostomum genus. These are the first records of partial mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences of an Euclinostomum sp.

FIGURE 3. Macrobrachium prachuapense sp. nov. (male). (A) Entire animal, lateral view; (B) telson; (C) scaphocerite; (D) epistome; (E) mandible; (F) maxillula; (G) maxilla; (H) first maxilliped; (I) second maxilliped; (J) third maxilliped; (K) first pereiopod; (L) third pereiopod; (M) movable spine. Scales: (A) 5 mm; (C, J) 2 mm; (D, M) 0.25 mm; (F) 0.5 mm; (K, L) 3 mm; others 1 mm.

FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic trees of Macrobrachium reconstructed from (A) mitochondrial COI, (B) nuclear 18S, and (C) combined genes using partitioned Bayesian inference with Cryphiops caementarius and Coralliocaris superba constituting an outgroup. The numbers at the nodes represent the posterior probabilities supporting the corresponding clades. Branch lengths and (horizontal) heights of isosceles triangles represent the estimated numbers of nucleotide substitutions per site where the scales are given for (A) and (B).

With the benefit of multimedia and the learning cycle approach in promoting effective active learning, this paper proposed a learning cycle approach–based, multimedia-supplemented instructional unit for Structured Query Language (SQL) for second-year undergraduate students with the aim of enhancing their basic knowledge of SQL and ability to apply SQL to a database. The students were engaged into the learning unit by using the designed multimedia, were asked to explore SQL syntax errors using a game in the developed instructional multimedia and to share and discuss the cause(s) of the SQL syntax error(s) with the class. They then constructed, practiced, and applied SQL commands, and evaluated their own understanding using the multimedia. Research data were collected through an SQL achievement test, small projects, and a questionnaire. The results showed that the students who participated in this developed instructional unit had better ability to apply SQL to a database compared to o...

We investigated whether two different learning interventions, Setarea board game and an active-learning unit, can promote the concepts of set theory in secondary students. Setarea was developed to help students learn set theory through the game’s components, mechanics, and missions. The game contained various decks of cards (collections), while its mechanics allowed players to perform different actions on the sets of cards (operations). The game’s missions required students to solve problems both individually and cooperatively. In the active-learning unit, a series of tasks related to set theory were provided. Students also cooperatively completed the provided tasks. The formal definitions and notations were introduced only in the active-learning unit. Seventh graders (have not learned), 9th graders (about to learn), and 11th graders (have learned) were recruited. For each grade, students were separated into two groups, engaging in the different learning interventions. We employed a...

The graphical elements as parts of concept map construction are employed to assess both learning and teaching. Augmenting the use of concept maps, this study examines the graphical elements, such as, nodes, edges, cliques, diameters, travelling paths and structures of the graphs to relate to ones’ understanding to a topic, in this case, polynomials for middle school. In the aspect of teaching assessment, the teacher’ concept map drawn according to the lesson plan is served as the master map, which echoes the teacher’s expectation of students’ learning. On the other hand, students’ maps also reveal their understanding through the nodal relationship, which can be the definitions of terms, related examples, graph representation and algebraic manipulation. Data collection includes a focus group of 10 students and 1 teacher undergoing the concept map assessment task with restricted node terms. Graphically analyzed, students’ concept maps reveal some common elements as in the teacher’s ma...

A small freshwater prawn in Thailand has been found to be a new species and is named Macrobrachium suphanense (Decapoda: Palaemonidae). Fully grown male M. suphanense appeared very different from the most closely related male of M. sintangense: size smaller, second pereiopod smaller and less robust, rostrum form different and, in females, fewer eggs. Less closely related, fully grown M. dolatum has sharper distal cutting edge on fixed finger and M. hungi has longer rostrum than M. suphanense. DNA analyses put M. suphanense, M. sintangense and M. nipponense in the same clade with M. nipponense sister to the other two. Two more clades consist of M. dienbienphuense and M. niphanae on the one hand and M. lanchesteri and M. rosenbergii on the other. The relationship among the three clades is not clearly resolved. 

Many species of freshwater prawns, large and small, inhabit Southeast Asian countries. In Thailand alone, there have been recent reports of new species in the genus Macrobrachium. Morphological differentiation and, recently, DNA sequence differences have been used to distinguish new species from valid ones. Macrobrachium chainatense (Decapoda: Palaemonidae), a small freshwater prawn found in Thailand, is now established as a new species based on both morphological and genetic criteria. Among Thailand Macrobrachium prawns, M. chainatense has smallest body size, largest egg size, and 3–5 teeth on the cutting edges. The most closely related Macrobrachium species to M. chainatense in terms of COI and 18S DNA sequences is M. niphanae. Their COI sequences differ by 7.3% while their 18S sequences are basically identical in all but one site. Observations of some aspects of this prawn in captivity are also utilized to establish its unique species status. This prawn may be useful as a source ...

Background. Educational games are widely used in business classes in general, and supply chain management (SCM) classes in particular. These games are designed to familiarize students with the real business world. Most SCM games are ready-made, with pre-set learning objectives focusing on a certain module in a supply chain. Intervention. This article presents the new spreadsheet-based Flexible Supply Chain Management Game (FSCMG) and the findings of its pilot study. FSCMG’s features are transparent to instructors and students alike. It is easily modifiable to suit an instructor’s learning objectives. Method. Six groups of undergraduate students took turns playing three modules, namely a wholesaler, manufacturer, and supplier. There were two groups per module to represent two supply chains. The students’ spreadsheets are analyzed and presented. Results. Students’ spreadsheets revealed that they were able to employ SCM conceptual understanding in FSCMG, particularly pricing strategy, ...

The bubble-nesting Betta smaragdina Ladiges, 1972 can be distinguished from the 4 other species of bubble-nesting Betta Bleeker, 1850 by being reportedly confined to Northeastern Thailand. We found large populations of fish in Western Thailand that closely resemble those from the Northeastern Region. The new populations inhabit a variety of places encompassing lakes, marshes, and streams. Morphological studies of Betta fish from the 2 well-separated regions, together with DNA analyses, show that the western and the northeastern populations are the same species.

ABSTRACT Most countries are concerned about mathematics education for students do not perform well in this subject, especially on the topic of square root, owing to the lack of motivation in traditional learning activities. In such learning activities, teachers describe the calculation of square roots of numbers using the long division procedure step-by-step, while students try to follow that procedure without understanding the reason behind it, which results in poor performance. Therefore, to promote secondary students’ understanding on square roots of numbers, this study developed square root learning activities based on the learning cycle approach. The students started by exploring the relationship between that number and its square, and were asked to predict and verify the relationship using the concept of algebra. Next, the concept of the square root of a number was explained, and the comparison between using algebra and using the long division procedure for calculating the square root of a number was discussed. Finally, the students applied algebra, along with the long division procedure, to solve their own tasks. Thirty-eight seventh grade secondary-school students were recruited to participate in this study. The research design was quasi-experimental design. By analyzing the data from conceptual pre- and post-tests, the students who participated in the developed learning unit could improve their learning achievement on the topic. Moreover, the results from a questionnaire showed that they were satisfied with the developed learning activities, and responded that the developed learning unit helped them understand the procedure of finding the square root of numbers.

With the benefit of multimedia and the learning cycle approach in promoting effective active learning, this paper proposed a learning cycle approach–based, multimedia-supplemented instructional unit for Structured Query Language (SQL) for second-year undergraduate students with the aim of enhancing their basic knowledge of SQL and ability to apply SQL to a database. The students were engaged into the learning unit by using the designed multimedia, were asked to explore SQL syntax errors using a game in the developed instructional multimedia and to share and discuss the cause(s) of the SQL syntax error(s) with the class. They then constructed, practiced, and applied SQL commands, and evaluated their own understanding using the multimedia. Research data were collected through an SQL achievement test, small projects, and a questionnaire. The results showed that the students who participated in this developed instructional unit had better ability to apply SQL to a database compared to other groups of students.

Most countries are concerned about mathematics education for students do not perform well in this subject, especially on the topic of square root, owing to the lack of motivation in traditional learning activities. In such learning activities, teachers describe the calculation of square roots of numbers using the long division procedure step-by-step, while students try to follow that procedure without understanding the reason behind it, which results in poor performance. Therefore, to promote secondary students’ understanding on square roots of numbers, this study developed square root learning activities based on the learning cycle approach. The students started by exploring the relationship between that number and its square, and were asked to predict and verify the relationship using the concept of algebra. Next, the concept of the square root of a number was explained, and the comparison between using algebra and using the long division procedure for calculating the square root ...

ABSTRACT Recently, testing and diagnostic learning systems have been considered as a useful tool for analyzing students' learning problems and giving helpful learning suggestions to them to improve their learning performance. Among the existing methods, a multi-expert approach has introduced a set of rules to integrate test item-concept relationship opinions given by multiple experts. However, when integrating the opinions from multiple experts, there are some problems that might effect on the quality of learning suggestions for students. Furthermore, it is time consuming to reconsidering their opinion when the conflict opinion exists. Therefore, a novel majority density approach is proposed to solve the mentioned problems. The experimental results show that this method can yield more reasonable integrated opinions than the previous approach and also reduce the number of reconsidering opinions.