Srini Kalyanaraman

-– Village of artisans Iron tin smelter, forge, armourer warehouse accounting – H-180 tablet in bas-relief, signature grapheme is Sign 12
kuṭi 'water-carrier' rebus: kuṭhi 'smelter
Component analysis, h180 signifies armourer, धावड dhāvaḍa ‘ironsmelter’, gilding, soldering work https://tinyurl.com/bdh3mnrd

-- Iron in Sarasvati-Sindhu Civilization, 3rd m BCE-- Evidence from Shahi Tump Indus Script inscription, cire perdue lead leopard weight, a metallurgical artifact par excellence
मक्षिकः makṣikaḥ, मक्षिका makṣikā, मक्षीका makṣīkā A fly, bee; mākṣika mfn. (fr. makṣikā) coming from or belonging to a bee, MārkP. Rebus: a kind of h°-like mineral substance or pyrites, MBh.  (Apte. Monier-Williams) 

--market equipment, ingots, bronze, three minerals --M2033
Ashmolean Museum, prism tablet

Sign 233 This sign occurs in this context on 5327 text tablet H796, with two sides. Sign 277 = Sign 276+ notch. kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell-metal' PLUS Hieroglyph,'notch': खाां डा khāṇḍā .A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). A rough furrow, ravine, gully. (Marathi) rebus: khāṇḍa 'tools, pots and pans and metal-ware' (Marathi).Alternative: sal 'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop'. Thus, bell-metal implements or bell-metal workshop.

Narrative. kāṇá 'one-eye' Rebus: kāṇā 'wealth, goods, possessions + vaṭṭa halo (circle) rebus: vutti 'business'; sāgeng 'to stretch' rebus: sāgun 'teak, tectona grandis' two rearing tigers. kul 'tiger' rebus: kol 'working in iron' dula 'two' rebus: dul 'metalcasting' jhāl f. ʻsudden leapʼ (Gujarati) Rebus: śālika 'village of artisans' jhāḷaṇ 'solder'
--Ratnagiri petroglyph; two tigers, person with stretched arms, two tigers

Hypertext, trade wealth, kāṇā one-eyed person+ vaṭṭa halo (circle) holds back jhalakibā 'springing' kul, kola, 'tigers' https://tinyurl.com/4banwd23-

Metalwork, teak businesses create the wealth of the artisan guilds śālika 'village of artisans' jhāḷaṇ 'solder'

-- Narrative of person kicking bovine with foot, phaḍa फड 'cobra hood'
M1430A, M2004A, M482C, H1971B, Unprovenanced inscriptions detail this narrative
Addendum to:1. Hieroglyphs of spearing, kick, buffalo, cobrahood narrate working in iron, pewter in a metals manufactory workshop https://tinyurl.com/y3sh72jd 2. Component analysis of six inscriptions-Smithy, smelter merchant with cãḡu 'stretched arms'rebus: sāgāvuni to send, dispatch (as goods) https://tinyurl.com/yx2wrkr3

-- Menon is derived from mēṉavaṉ മേനവന്‍, miṉāṉ ‘village accountant’; signified rebus on Indus Script by Sign 1 mēn ‘body’ (Nk.) rebus: mēṉavaṉ മേനവന്‍; thus, Menon’s are scribes, accountants signified by the frequent Sign 342-- A Nāyar guide calledചങ്ങാതം čaṇṇāδam is convoy, guard responsible to guide through foreign territories; in Gujarati he is jangaḍiyo 'military guard who accompanies treasure into the treasury’; signified by the graphemes ‘unicorn’ in front of ‘standard device’ which signify jangada, jaṅgala ’maritime double-canoe, cargo boat, catamaran’; thus, ചങ്ങാതം čaṇṇāδam is the steersman of the Kerala sewn boat signified rebus by सांगड sāṅgaḍa ‘a body formed of two or more parts’ -- A shipwreck was found in Ayn Soukhna, dated to 19th cent. BCE which was a Kerala sewn boat, jangada, jaṅgala ’maritime double-canoe

This is an addendum to: mēn ‘body’ (Nk.) rebus: miṉāṉ மினான் mēṉavaṉ മേനവന്‍ A village accountant https://tinyurl.com/yc368ctz

ಮೇಣ್ mēṇ = ಮೇಣು, ಮೇಲ್, etc. what is above: above; upwards
khara, ‘wild-ass’ kara ‘hand, arm’ rebus: kara ‘revenue’ karã̄ n. pl. wristlets, bangles Rebus: khār 'blacksmith, iron worker’ kāru ‘artisan, poet’ (RV)
kuṇḍī = crooked buffalo horns (L.) Rebus: kuṇḍi-a 'village headman; leader of a village' (Pkt.) dhatu 'scarf' rebus: dhatu 'mineral ore'.
koḍ 'horns' rebus; koḍ 'workshop’ dhanga 'tall, long shanked’
 person rebus: dhangar 'blacksmith’
कना kanā m (Commonly कणा q. v.) The backbone (Marathi) Rebus: काणा kāṇā 'wealth, possessions'
H-1934, H-1935 Tablets in bas-relief, terracotta
H-2023 to H-2030 Tablets in bas-relief, terracotta

--tantuvāya-a weaver of dhatu 'strand' of kapas 'cotton', G. paṭoḷũn. 'a fine silk cloth worn by women'? ಜರಿ jari, ಸರಿಗೆ sarige 'artificer who works with wire of silver, gold'-Ancient weaver artificers were also metalworkers P ‫زري‬zarī, adj. (from ‫زر‬ (Anything woven from gold or with gold thread. P ‫زر‬zar, s.m. (6th) Gold, riches, wealth, money. Sing. and Pl. ‫زر‬ ‫سپین‬spīn zar, Silver (lit. white gold). ‫زر‬ ‫سره‬sarah zar, Gold. ‫‪zar‬زرافشان‬ afs̱ ẖān, adj. Strewing gold (Pashto) ಜರಿ jari. = ಸರಿಗೆ No. 3. worked with gold or silver threads; gold or silver threads (My.; Mhr., H.; Br.).-ಜರಿೀಪಟಕ the streamer of the grand ensign of the Pēṣwa (Mhr., H.-ಕಾ); a grand flag (S. Mhr.; Cb. 125); a golden girdle or belt (My.; Mhr.

Two rebus readings of Sign 162 variant which is orthographic signifier of ‘ear of grain’
Reading 1. kolmo ‘rice plant’ rebus: kolami ‘smithy, forge’
Reading 2. kadir, ‘ear of grain’, kartana (कर्तन) ‘spinning cotton or thread’ rebus: kadir ‘spindle’; kartana ‘fabrication’ (RV)

-- paṭakāru ‘tongs’ rebus: paṭakāru ‘cotton cloth’ kōlika ’weaver’
-- gōṭī गोटी karaṇa silver metal bun ingot (maker)
-- karaṇa ‘scribe’; meḍho ‘merchant’; maritime cargo
-- Pa. tanti- 'lute’ Rebus: M. tā̃tū m. 'thread; Bi. tā̃twā 'Hindu weaver'
-- M842. Maritime cargo of cotton cloth
-- M887, H94. Maritime cargo of silver ingot
-- M73. Maritime cargo– weavers’ thread

-- dhatu ‘mineral ore’ dhā́tu '*strand of rope' (cf. tridhā́tu- 'threefold' RV., ayugdhātu- 'having an uneven number of strands' KātyŚr.). [√dhā](CDIAL 6773)+ dula ‘pair’ rebus: dul ‘metalcasting’ + smelter produce; + Two buds ligatured to pincers, duhr̥i korā rebus: new cloth of two-plies – Mohenjo-daro M-79, maritime cargo; Sktd-2

-- Miniature (1x2 cm) incised tablets are documented daybooks-- Number-word semantics are rebus signifiers of Meluhha accounting system used on daybooks, i.e., miniature tokens
Source of colour image: https://iitgn.ac.in/assets/pdfs/ifdls/Scientific-and-Technological-Contrib-Indus.pdf Scientific and Technological Contributions of the Indus Civilization: Their relevance for the present – Lecture delivered by Prof. JM Kenoyer on 12th January, 2016 at IIT, Gandhinagar
Source: Yadav, Nisha, 2013, Sensitivity of Indus Script to type of object, SCRIPTA, Vol. 5 (Sept. 2013), pp. 67-103
-- Meluhha semantics resolve Cantor and Russell paradoxes of sets in Venn diagram sets

-- Epigraphia Indus Script has grown to over 12,000 inscriptions; first seal was found at Harappa before 1872
-- Photo corpora total Indus Script inscriptions (Vol. 1 to Vol.3.3) : 9414
-- Gadd seals, Ancient Near East, Ancient Far East inscritions and new finds from sites Rakhigarhi, Dholavira, Khirsara, Sikarpurm, Bagasra, 4MSR Binjor, Karanpura, Bhirrana, Kunal, Gilund, Farmana, Lakhun-jo daro, Ganweriwala : ca. 600
-- Persian Gulf site inscriptions: ca.2000; Copper hoard anthropomorphs (one with Brāhmī and Indus Script inscriptions), sculptures – dhmākara, Khājurāho; crocodile + fish graphemes, Konarak; Sohgaura coper plate: ca. 100; Pure tin ingots of Haifa shipwreck: 3
-- Tens of thousands of Ancient Punch-marked and Cast coins from hundreds of mints from Takshasila to Anuradhapura with Indus Script graphemes

Mesopotamia: mosaic elements of Mari's banner in bitumen, shell and stone. 3500 BC approx. From the temple of Ishtar of Mari. Sun 0,53x0,72 m Paris. Musee du Louvre.
-- singhin ‘forward-thrusting, spiny-horned’ Rebus: singi ‘ornament gold’ + karṇa ‘ear’ rebus: karṇa ‘rudder’; together, singi karṇa ‘ornament gold rudder’ + खोंड   A variety of जोंधळा ‘millet’ खोंड khōṇḍa m A young bull, a bullcalf Rebus: कोंड kōṇḍa ‘circular hamlet’

Akkadian Orthographic borrowing from Sumerian (gẽš zi-gan /zigan/, "rudder"). Logogram (GIŠ.ZI.GAN) 1.Sumerogram of sikkānum ("rudder") https://tinyurl.com/24bs2u94 Sumerian Noun (gẽš zi-gan /zigan/) கானா kānā , n. Pkt. kāna. Tiller, handle of a rudder; சுக்கான்ககப்பிடி. கானா-கானாத்தடி, s. (Sans. Karna.) The handle of a rudder, சுக்கான்ககப்பிடி. சுக்கான்¹ cukkāṉ , n. U. sukkān. Rudder, helm; கப்பல்திருப்புங் கருவி. சுக்கானி, s. [among seaman.] A helmsman , one who steers a vessel, மாலுமி.சுக்கான்கிரி, s. As சுக்கானி. (R.) (Winslow) karṇa (कर्ण)The helm or rudder of a ship; से ना भ्रमति सं ख्ये ष ु हि-कर्े व नौजण ले (senā bhramati saṃkhyeṣu hata-karṇeva naurjale) Rām.6.48.26. Sikkānum (Sumerogram) < singhin 'forward-thrusting, spiny-horned' Rebus: singi 'ornament gold'+ karṇa 'ear' rebus: 'rudder'; together, sukkān (Urdu), singāwaṟṟṉ (Pashto) singi karṇa 'ornament gold rudder'-The handle or ear of a vessel; उभा कर्ाण हहरण्यया (ubhā karṇā hiraṇyayā) Ṛgveda 8.72.12

--Recurs on Dholavira terracotta tablet, & on Mohenjo-daro anthropomorph seal M1919
--Sources: Fig. 8.31, 8.32 Details on the flat and curved surfaces of the terracotta tablet. Acc. No. 8099; Dholavira Prel. Excavation Report (2015) RS Bisht. https://tinyurl.com/bdfwn4rt & Memoirs of ASI No. 96 also titled as CISI, Vol. 3.1 (2010)

--This monograph posits and demonstrates that the two inscriptions of Dholavira and Mohenjo-daro are a tribute to the dhokra-kamar, the cire perdue artificers par excellence, of the Bronze Age, ca. 3 rd millennium BCE.

-- જંગડિયો jangaḍiyo 'military guard; jangaḍ ‘invoice on approval basis’ system of accounting trade transaction
-- Text script 1011 read r. to l., from seal impression.
-- ‘Unicorn’ + ‘standard device’ are grapheme compositions read rebus in Meluhha deśī bhāṣā
-- jangaḍ Bhāratīya accounting, a well-settled system in jurisprudence, for mercantile transactions evidenced on Indus Script hypertexts http://tinyurl.com/ya8t7wyw

-- kul ‘tiger’ (Santali) Rebus: kula ‘headman of guild’ kol ‘working in iron’ kolhe ‘smelter’ + mukha ‘face’ rebus: muhã ‘furnace output’
-- Maritime trade of furnace output of Meluhha artificers was world-renowned; hence, the metaphor of kīrti-mukha ‘face of glory, face of fame’
-- vyokāra (व्योकार):—[=vyo-kāra] m. ([probably]) ‘making the sound vyo’, a blacksmith, [Harṣacarita] व्योकाराः शौल्विकास्तथा (vyokārāḥ śaulvikāstathā) Śiva B.31.17
-kīrti-mukha in Hindu mandiram traced to Indus Script tradition, kolhe ‘smelter’ śālikā ‘village of artisans’ of ca. 3rd m. BCE

-- Terracotta gevelstenen ‘professional facing stone’ of Lakhan-jo Daro
-- The largest ‘Unicorn’ seal find H1657 from Mystery Mound F by HARP team
-- Archaeological context succinctly summarized by HARP Team (2000)
-- Discovery of Dholavira Signboard (Youtube video) (2019)
-- resolve the form and function of Indus Script Cipher of Meluhha sprachbund ‘language union’

-- the earliest gevelstenen professional proclamation ’facing stones’ of the world, ca. 2500 BCE
-- Meluhha: Metalcasting gold-coppersmith alloymetal guild mint-master

ḍato 'claws or pincers (chelae) of crab Rebus: dhatu 'mineral' + dula 'pair' Rebus: dul 'metalcasting'. Thus, ಅಕಸಾಲ aka-sāla goldsmith mineral ore (copper, gold) metalcasting. खाां डा khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). Rebus: khaṇḍa 'implements' musa 'to cover' (Kui) rebus: ̃ muhã 'furnace produce' kanac 'corner', mũhã̄'bun ingot, lozenge shape', kuṭila-'bent' Rebus: kañcu mũhã̄kuṭila 'bellmetal ingot, bronze' ಅಕಸಾಲ aka-sāla goldsmith mineral ore (copper, gold) ख ां टी khuṇṭī, kaṭika 'peg' Rebus: khũṭ 'guild' loa 'ficus glomerata' (Santali) Rebus: loh 'copper (metal)' + karaṇika 'ears' rebus: karaṇika engraver, 'writer' (Telugu) + G. ṭaksāḷī m. 'mint-master', M. ṭāksāḷyā m. (CDIAL 5434) ಅಕಸಾಲ aka-sāla goldsmith mineral ore (copper, gold) Dholavira Meluhha signboard-the earliest gevelstenen professional proclamation 'facing stones' of the world, ca. 2500 BCE-Meluhha: Metalcasting gold-coppersmith alloymetal guild mint-master

kuṇḍī = crooked buffalo horns (L.) Rebus: kuṇḍi-a ‘village headman; leader of a village’ (Pkt.)
--bāraṇe ' an offering of food to a demon' (Tulu) Rebus: baran, bharat (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin) (Punjabi. Bengali)
-- bhaṭa 'worshipper' Rebus: bhaṭa 'furnace' baṭa 'iron' (Gujarati) The narrative of a worshipper offering to a kuṭi ‘tree’ rebus: kuṭhi ‘smelter' is thus interpretable as revenue into guild-treasury, from smelting of three minerals: copper, zinc and tin.

Sign 216. kāpṇī ‘goldsmith’s clip' rebus: kapāhī ‘made of cotton’ ಕರ್ಪಟ -karpata ‘cotton cloth’
పటకారు ‘tongs’ Ka. kāru pincers, tongs.    paṭakāru ‘cotton cloth weaver’ ಪಟಕಾರ paṭa-kāra ‘a weaver; a painter’ (R.).
Queen Puabi’s Garments
-- Meluhha weavers in Guabba, Sumer
-- Revisited m304, m1186 Indus Script inscriptions

-On H1056, 'standard' is shown; jangada, jaṅgala 'maritime double-canoe, cargo boat, catamaran
-On H1046, 'pannier' signifies kaṇṭāḷa 'double-bag' Rebus: kãṭhāḷ 'maritime' कण्ठाल 'boat'
-Transactions are on jangad accounting system, 'invoiced on approval basis'

-- 1. from smelter to જંગડિયો jangaḍiyo ’military treasure-guard’ of कोंड kōṇḍa
-- 2. from smelter to pattar kolami ‘Goldsmith guild’s smithy-forge’ (H-81)
-- ‘Unicorn’ + ‘standard’ signify despatch of Guild metal implements cargo from smelter to જંગડિયો jangaḍiyo ’military treasure-guard’ of कोंड kōṇḍa ‘circular hamlet, मौजा or guild’

-- ‘Bison’ + ‘Feeding-trough’ signify despatch of Bharata ‘alloymetal’ from smelter to paṭra, patta 'village, hamlet, town’-- ‘goldsmith guild’s smithy-forge’. Thus, the circular hamlets of Harappa constitute patra ‘village or hamlet’ of goldsmith guild’s smithy-forge.

-- कणा kaṇā ‘one-eyed’, ‘spine’ Rebus: कणा kaṇā ‘wealth’ -- Re-visiting most frequent grapheme sequences, Indus Script Corpora

Stomach. Pa. koṭṭha- m. 'stomach', Pk. koṭṭha-, kuṭ° m.; L. (Shahpur) koṭhī f. 'heart, breast'; P. koṭṭhā, koṭhā m. 'belly', G. koṭhɔ m., M. koṭhā m.(CDIAL 3545)
Rebus: Pa. koṭṭha- m. 'stomach', Pk. koṭṭha-, kuṭ° m.; L. (Shahpur) koṭhī f. 'heart, breast'; P. koṭṭhā, koṭhā m. 'belly', G. koṭhɔ m., M. koṭhā m. WPah.kṭg. kóṭṭhi f. ‘temple treasury’ (CDIAL 3546)

Warehouse (treasury) despatch. Harappa treasury.

Gold pendant: पाठ pāṭha 'back' signifies फड phaḍa, paṭṭale 'guild', 'metals manufactory’ + arka ‘sun’s rays’ rebus: arka ‘copper, gold’ ಅಕಸಾಲ aka-sāla = ಅಕ್ಕಸಾಲ, ಅಗಸಾಲ a gold or silver smith (Kannada)

--Harappa intaglio seal H1678 of Mature Harappan phase
-- ‘Unicorn’+ ‘standard device’ on H1678 signify maritime treasure-guard

This seal dates to approximately 2200 BCE, at the transition between Harappa Periods 3B and 3C. https://www.harappa.com/indus4/5.html H1678. Field symbol. 'Unicorn' + standard device'. Text script. dula 'two' rebus: dul 'metalcasting' ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥ gveda) PLUS khambhaṛā 'fishfin rebus: kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage'. aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥ gveda) PLUS dhāḷ 'slanted stroke' rebus: dhāḷako 'ingot' ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥ gveda) Or. kāṇḍa, kãṝ ʻstalk, arrowʼ(CDIAL 3023) rebus: kaṇḍa 'implements'. Nārāca (नाराच) 'arrow' rebus: Nārāca (नाराच) 'goldsmith's balance, weighed' Alloymetal metalcasting, alloymetal mint, alloymetal ingot, implements, weighed on nārāca

Naru is a "musician" (Ualu, lallaru, naru, etc.)--The civilization of Babylonia and Assyria Its remains, language, history, religion, commerce, law, art, and literature
by Morris Jastrow | 1915 |नारूकारू nārūkārū ‘A common term for village-personages otherwise named alutēdāra or alutē (Marathi)

Field symbol. kuṭi 'tree' Rebus: kuṭhi 'smeter' Mlekh 'goat' rebus: milakkhu 'copper' + krammara 'look back' rebus:kamar 'blacksmith'+ flag. dhvajapaṭa m. ʻ flag ʼ Kāv. [dhvajá-, paṭa-]Pk. dhayavaḍa-m. ʻ flag ʼ, OG. dhayavaḍa m. Rebus: M. dhavaḍ 'a caste of iron-smeltersʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron' (CDIAL 6773) nārāca (नाराच) 'goldsmith's balance' rebus: Nārāca (नाराच) 'weighed'

Size of Binjor seal held by four fingers.
Field symbol. જંગડિયો jangaḍiyo ’Maritime treasure-guard’.

Text script. Fish + scales, aya ãs (amśu) 'metallic stalks of stone ore'. Vikalpa: badhoṛ 'a species of fish with many bones' (Santali) Rebus: baḍhoe 'a carpenter, worker in wood'; badhoria 'expert in working in wood' (Santali) Vikalpa. khambhaṛā 'fish-fin' rebus: kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage'; ayo kammaṭa 'alloymetal mint' gaṇḍa 'four' Rebus: khaṇḍa 'metal implements' dhayavaḍa 'flag' (OG) rebus: dhavaḍ m. ʻiron-smelterʼ, dhāvḍī ʻcomposed of or relating to iron' करण्ड a sort of duck;కారండవము [ kāraṇḍavamu ] kāraṇḍavamu. [Skt.] n. A sort of duck. (Telugu) (CDIAL 2787) Rebus: karaḍā 'hard alloy' Size of Binjor seal held by four fingers. Field symbol. જં ગડિયો jangaḍiyo 'Maritime treasure-guard'.

--ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloymetal'(RV)+ kāra 'crocodile' rebus: ayaskāra 'iron or alloymetal blacksmith'-kāra 'crocodile' rebus: kāru (कारु).-m An artificer or artisan. 2 A common term for the twelve balutēdāra q. v. Also kārunāru m pl q. v. in nārukāru. kāru (कारु):-1. kāru mf. ([from] √1. kṛ), a maker, doer, artisan, mechanic, [Manu-smṛti; Yājñavalkya] etc. 'architect of the gods', Name of Viśva-karman (Monier-Williams)-khatti 'warrior' rebus: khātī

-- cāli 'interlocked' cf. salāyisu = joining of metal (Ka.) Rebus:  ಶಾಲಿಕ śālika a village of artificers 
-- revenue earned by artificers deposited into guild treasury
poḷa 'zebu' rebus: poḷa ’magnetite, ferrite ore’ + dhatu ‘scarf’ danta ‘tusk’ rebus: dhatu ‘mineral ore’ + mũh ‘face’ rebus: muhã ‘furnace produce’ + kara ‘human hand, arm’ rebus: kara ‘revenue’ + Ta. patam cobra's hood. Ma. paṭam id. Ka. peḍe id.Te. paḍaga; Pkt. phaḍā id. (DEDR 47) Rebus: phaḍā, paṭṭaḍe ‘Public office, metals manufactory treasury’ ṭaṁka, ṭaṅga (Pkt.Sindhi) 'thigh of a bovine’ Rebus: ṭaṅkaśālā-- , ṭaṅkakaś° f. ʻ mint ʼ lex. [ṭaṅka --  śāˊlā -- ] N. ṭaksāl, °ār, B. ṭāksāl, ṭã̄k°, ṭek°, Bhoj. ṭaksār, H. ṭaksāl, °ār f., G. ṭãksāḷ f., M. ṭã̄ksāl, ṭāk°, ṭãk°, ṭak°. -- Deriv. G. ṭaksāḷī m. ʻ mint -- master ʼ, M. ṭāksāḷyā m. Brj. ṭaksāḷī, °sārī m. ʻ mint -- master ʼ. (CDIAL 5434)

-- of ironsmith, wheelwright, super-cargo, alloymetal mint artificer guild

-- H761 Tablet in bas-relief with sides A,B

Side A: Sign 51. šēṣṭrĭ' khāra 'squirrel' Rebus: śrēṣṭhin 'guild-master' khār 'blacksmith'. में ढा [ mēṇḍhā ] A crook or curved end (of a stick) Rebus: med म ृ द ु mṛdu, mẽṛhẽt 'iron' meḍ 'iron' (Semantic determinant of an ironsmith) Sign 15. kuṭi 'water-carrier' rebus: kuṭhi 'smelter'+ karaṇaka 'rim-of-jar' rebus: karaṇa 'messenger, dispatch' karaṇī 'supecargo' khareḍo = a currycomb (G.) Rebus: kharādī ' turner' (Gujarati) karaḍā खरडें 'daybook'PLUS kāmsako, kāmsiyo = a large sized comb (G.)

Field symbol: kul 'tiger' (Santali); kōlu id. (Telugu) kōlupuli = Bengal tiger (Telugu) कोल्हा [ kōlhā ] कोल्हें [kōlhēṃ] A jackal (Marathi) Rebus: kol, kolhe, 'the koles, iron smelters speaking a language akin to that of Santals' (Santali) kol 'working in iron' (Tamil) kolhe 'smelter' + kolomo 'triple' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge' + cāli 'interlocked' rebus śālikā 'village of artisans, shop' cf. sala_yisu = joining of metal (Ka.) M295. Text script 1386. kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell-metal' PLUS sal 'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop'. Thus bronze/bell-metal workshop. kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar' rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe' कर्णि क 'steersman, helmsman' karaṇa 'messenger, dispatch' meḍ 'body' rebus: meḍ 'iron' med 'copper' (Slavic). Sign 242. kole.l 'temple' rebus: kole.l 'smithy, forge' (Kota) Or, warehouse kuṭhī granary, factory (M.)(CDIAL 3546). koṭho = a warehouse. śālikā 'village of artisans, bell-metal shop' of kole.l 'temple' rebus: kole.l 'smithy, forge

-- Sign 342 of Indus Script signifies rebus: kárṇa m. 'ear, handle of a vessel’ RV (CDIAL 2830)  kárṇaka m. 'projection on the side of a vessel, handle' ŚBr.; Pa. kaṇṇaka- 'having ears or corners’; B. kāṇā 'brim of a cup’;S. kano m. 'rim, border’; H. kannā m. 'edge, rim, handle’)
Rebus reading in Meluhha: karaṇah ‘messenger, despatch’

Out of 418 signs, Sign 342 is the most frequent grapheme on Indus Script inscriptions; out of 13372 graphemes on inscriptions of Indus Script Corpora (Mahadevan, 1977 ASI Concordance); one Sign 342 accounts for over 10% occurrence out of a total of 418 Signs (Graphemes) on 2906 inscribed objects-The grapheme 'rim-of-jar' signifies dispatch of processed resources (say, cast iron) into warehouse or, of equipment, ingots as maritime cargo karaṇah 'messenger, despatch'-Amarakośodghāṭana of Kṣīrasvāmin-Sign 342 of Indus Script signifies rebus: kárṇa m. 'ear, handle of a vessel' RV (CDIAL 2830) kárṇaka m. 'projection on the side of a vessel, handle' ŚBr.; Pa. kaṇṇaka-'having ears or corners'; B. kāṇā 'brim of a cup';S. kano m. 'rim, border'; H. kannā m. 'edge, rim, handle') Rebus reading in Meluhha: karaṇah 'messenger, despatch'

--Varāha Rosetta stone inscriptions in two scripts-Indus & Brāhmī scripts signify 1. 'unicorn' as જં ગડિયો jangaḍiyo 'treasure-guard of Bronze Age ; and 2. as a Majitha 'merchant, boatmen assembly member' of ca. 5 th cent. BCE
-- Varāha metaphor in sculptures of Khajuraho and Eran are signifiers of knowledge system of artificers who used caṣāla ’snout of boar’ rebus: caṣāla ’godhūma wheatchaff on an aṣṭāśri yupa (octagonal pillar)’ to produce hard alloys, for maritime trade and creation of wealth of nation
-- Varāha is badhi ‘boar’ rebus: badhi ‘worker in wood and iron’  rebus: vāḍhī ‘merchant
-- Fish hieroglyph on copper anthropomorph signifies metals maritime steersman

BM 122947 Late 3rd m Cylinder seal, enstatite, 1 in. high, found in a Larsa smithy
This is an addendum to: Graphemes of Ancient Indian style in neighbouring Bronze Age civilization areas https://tinyurl.com/4hkyzpca Gadd Seal 6.


पोळ pōḷa 'zebu' rebus: पोळ pōḷa 'magnetite, ferrite ore' tagaraka 'tabernae montana hair fragrance flower' rebus: tagara 'tin ore' bichi 'scorpion' rebus: bichi 'haematite ore' dhanga hor 'tall, long-shanked person' rebus: dhangar 'blacksmith' *ḍaṅgara¹ 'cattle'. 2. *daṅgara-. [Same as ḍaṅ-gara-² s.v. *ḍagga-² as a pejorative term for cattle]1. K. ḍangur m. 'bullock', L. ḍaṅgur, (Ju.) ḍ ̠ ãgar m. 'horned cattle'; P. ḍaṅgar m. 'cattle', Or. ḍaṅgara; Bi. ḍāgar 'old worn-out beast, dead cattle', dhūr ḍāgar 'cattle in general'; Bhoj. ḍāṅgar 'cattle'; H. ḍāgar, ḍāgrā m. 'horned cattle'.2. H. dāgar m. = prec. (CDIAL 5526) Rebus: Mth. ṭhākur 'blacksmith' (CDIAL 5488) N. ḍāṅro 'term of contempt for a blacksmith' (CDIAL 5524) Dotted line circumscript. खाां डा khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). Rebus: khaṇḍa 'implements, instruments'

-- Mauryan 6th cent. BCE makara; Khājurāho Varāha Pratimā of 6th cent. With sculptural Meluhha metaphors of 2 (dh)makara + 2 dhmākara ‘blacksmiths’-- Blacksmith, the hero, the contributor of nation’s wealth of Sarasvati-Sindhu Civilization
This is an addendum to: Varāha pratimā at Khajuraho, has the figure of dhamaka, 'artificer bellows-blower smith' standing on (dh)makara Indus Script hieroglyph https://tinyurl.com/464bsatj

First grapheme from r.  On H252A clearly signifies a central pillar of ring-stones with an overarching canopy. Grapheme (Sign 210) signifies कोंड kōṇḍa ‘circular hamlet,
खोंड khōṇḍa ‘young bull’ rebus: कोंड kōṇḍa ‘circular hamlet, मौजा or guild’
मौजा or guild कोंड kōṇḍa circular working platforms of Harappa. Louis Renou, "The Vedic House“; Gablestone of Lakhan-jo daro; central pillar of ring-stones 
This is an addendum to: -- Compositions, Indus Script, celebration of metalwork wealth of artisan guilds- 6 https://tinyurl.com/5f634bj3
-- jasta ‘zinc’ + ṭhaṭṭha loh ‘brass metal’ kammaṭa ‘mint’; karaṇī ‘supecargo’ kuṭhi ‘factory’ -- Gablestone of Lakhan-jo daro https://tinyurl.com/26z26hhb
-- Circular workers’ platforms are used to forge metalwork equipment, produce wealth of bar of metal ingots

h253 to h265, h1155. Text script. manḍa 'arbour, canopy' mãḍ ʻarray of instruments' PLUS koḍa 'one' rebus: koḍ 'workshop' + कोंड kōṇḍa hamlet of circular hut roofs of Sign 210 central pillar of ring-stones with canopy kunda 'pillar' rebus: kunda 'a treasure of Kubera'. Thus, Sign 210 is a metaphor for a circular working platform (circular hamlet and a central madhyama garta, central pillar supporting the thatched roof); I submit that this is a bar of metal (ingot) and implements forging workshop. kor̤ u 'sprout' rebus kor̤ u 'bar of metal' + sal 'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥ gveda) PLUS khambhaṛā 'fishfin rebus: kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage'. Or. kāṇḍa, kãṝ ʻstalk, arrowʼ(CDIAL 3023) rebus: kaṇḍa 'implements'. Metalwork equipment, wealth production of bar of metal ingots in circular workers' platforms

--HARP team discovers 22 identical miniature tablets; tokens of smelter work output-HARP team discovers consolidation of token information on 'unicorn' seal; 'unicorn'+ standard device graphemes signify treasure-guard cargo manifest for maritime trade

The last 2 signs of the seal are the same as those on side A of the 22 incised prism tablets (H2218 to H2239); e.g. H2218A; two signs of Side C of the incised tablets is associated with the most frequent triplet of signs on other tablets (which are wealth account ledgers).

jangaḍiyo 'military guard who accompanies treasure into the treasury' https://dcpune.academia.edu/SrinivasanKalyanaraman/Papers

-- Rhinoceros tablets in bas-relief in multiple copies (for trade) are signifiers of hard alloymetal ingots
-- Black drongo in Rajasthan state, northern India https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_drongo
-- Black drongo is pōlaḍu, rebus pōlaḍ  'steel' పసులపోలిగాడు pasula-pōli-gāḍu perched on pōḷa 'zebu, bos indicus' Rebus: pōḷa 'magnetite ore’.
-- Multiple tablets are signifiers of alloymetal ingots distributed to artisans of the guild for further forging work in smithy-forge; thus, the inscription evidences a metallurgical process step between production of ingots and further forging work to create equipment, metalware.

--Indian bison भरत bharata alloy-metalcastings resource on borderland inscriptions; ଅରଣ— araṇa 'bison’ rebus: araṇa ’smithy-forge'
--Gadd seal1. sag-ku-zi- (da) 'head, money-lender’, भरत Bharata ‘alloy-metal caster’’ 
--Gadd, C. J., 1932, Seals of Ancient Indian style found at Ur, Humphrey Milford amen House, London, ASI, New Delhi
-- This is an addendum to Bison hieroglyph, ଅରଣ araṇa of Indus Script Corpora on ANE seals rebus ऋण, araṇa 'smithy, furnace, bastion' https://tinyurl.com/udse7hh

-- graphemes in Indus Script Corpora; jangaḍiyo ‘maritime treasure-guard’ , karaṇa ‘messenger’ signified on inscriptions
Bar-chart Courtesy: Massimo Vidale, Dennys Frenez (Feb. 2023 Intl. Colloquium, Gandhinagar)
This is an addendum to Re-appraisal of Harappa tablet h1144 -- Context. Amarakoshodghaṭana of Kṣīrasvāmin https://tinyurl.com/5d6cp9jp

University of Bern Faculty of Humanities Department of Linguistics and Literary Studies Institute of Linguistics Historical Comparative Linguistics Prof. Dr. Roland Bielmeier Bachelor thesis July 31st 2009 66’338 characters
Source: http://www.isw.unibe.ch/content/e4229/e4357/e4536/e6397/e6398/BachelorthesisLucyZuberbuehler_ger.pdf
Mirrored for ready reference.

--Artificer repertoire of Meluhha artisans; Paleo-Elamite IA = Suse IV A (ca, 2450 BCE)--Susa acropolis (II level) SB 2723; A 7274; CDM XIII 287; contents of jar;Department of Oriental Antiquities, Louvre
--This is an addendum to Susa Spinner lady sculpture --Hypertext of Bhāratīya Civilization with Indus Script hieroglyphs https://tinyurl.com/4bya84vh